The Energy Information Administration ( 2016 ) - 1250 Words

In 2015 the United States produced an average of 9.4 million barrels of crude oil a day, a rate of production not seen in over 45 years (EIA, 2015). In 2008 production averaged 5 million barrels a day. This drastic increase in production can be attributable, in part, to advances in hydraulic fracturing. According to the Energy Information Administration (2016) this controversial drilling technology has been in use for over 6 decades, but has otherwise contributed relatively little to total crude oil output. In 2000 23,000 hydraulic fractured wells produced 102,000 barrels of oil a day, or 2% of the total national output. In 2015 there were 300,000 hydraulically fractured wells producing 4.3 million barrels of oil a day, a 4,000% increase†¦show more content†¦A 2008 assessment by the United States Geological Survey (2013) of Bakken shale formation determined that an estimated 3.65 billion barrels of oil were technically recoverable. A subsequent reassessment in 2013 found the formation contained 7.4 billion barrels of undiscovered and technically recoverable oil reserves (USGS, 2013). Nevertheless, many in the shale production industry believe the Bakken formation may contain over 20 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil (SAFE, 2012). What is Hydraulic Fracturing? Certain geological formations may contain deposits of natural gas and petroleum; however, these formations generally have extremely low permeability (Earthworks (EW), 2016). Hydraulic fracturing is process that increases the permeability of these rock formations, making the fossil fuels contained within more extractable (EW, 2016). Although hydraulic fracturing has been in use for over 60 years, only recently has it gained widespread use. Fracking begins by drilling a well and inserting a steel pipe known as a casing. The casing contains perforations within a â€Å"target zone† where there is assumed to be natural gas or oil supplies (EW, 2016). Once the casing is in position â€Å"fracturing fluid† is pumped into the casing, and injected into the well through the perforations at the target zone (EW, 2016). The rock formation absorbs the fluid until it becomes saturated, at which point pressure begins to build in the well, causing

Macbeth Turning Point Essay - 1089 Words

During the Elizabethan Age, William Shakespeare dominated this time with his English dramas and poems; therefore, his work imprinted and impacted the history at that time. One of the many plays that Shakespeare wrote was Macbeth, this play included a man, that was consumed with the murderous thoughts and his tragic flaw running wild; this led to many murders, but the first on unlocked the cage and let the demonic actions reveal themselves. The play displayed a great deal of turning points for the certain character throughout scenes to make up an idea of this play to be a tragedy: a type of drama or literature that shows the downfall or destruction of a noble or outstanding person, traditionally one who possesses a character weakness called†¦show more content†¦When the death of Duncan occurred, the duo had two different perspectives on the incident: Macbeth did not want to do what his wife wanted because the thought of murdering Duncan was vile. Furthermore, when the idea of murdering Duncan washes over the mind of Macbeth, he cannot act on his thoughts; but when it becomes time to kill Banquo, it reveals that he is more aquatint to murders after the kings murder: upon my head they placed a fruitless crown / and put a barren scepter in my grip (1.1.61-62). when Macbeth notices the reasons to kill Banquo was that he [Banquo] did not accept helping kill Duncan, then led him to believe that Banquo is suspicious of the murder, and Macbeth remembered the prophecies stating he [Banquo] would be the father of kings. Lady Macbeth did not know the murder of Banquo was happening and so Macbeth was hinting that full of scorpions is my mind (3.2.36), which drove her to believe that he is remorseful about Duncans murder. From the beginning of the play Macbeth wanted to be king but his nobility held him back; therefore, when his character flaw began to arise, it led him to the throne where his wife wanted him to be. Macbeth loved his wife fully and he wanted to please her, even if it would have resulted him dying in the end; naturally, he would do anything she would have said to do. For him to be smittenShow MoreRelatedReview Of Macbeth And The Heart Of The Sea 1149 Words   |  5 PagesAll novels, books or articles have what is called a Kairos, most readers do not try to discover the kairos of a book while others do. In this essay I will be uncovering the Kairos of three Books: Sailors to the End, MacBeth, and In the Heart of the Sea. The KAiros of book is the main turning point where the mood changes, or where the plot changes. Sailors to the End is a Book representing true heroic valor, it takes place on the U.S.S Forrestal when a fire consumes the ship claiming 134 sailorsRead MoreThe Character of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesof Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play The play Macbeth addresses many complex issues throughout. 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These include the following: considers Macbeth to be a wimp notRead MoreLady Macbeth1003 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is the most interesting and complex character in the play. She is, in fact, the point on which the action pivots: without her there is no play. Macbeth s most interesting and complex character is most certainly, as the question states, Lady Macbeth. The purpose of this essay is to describe Lady Macbeth s role in the play and discuss why this makes her the most fascinating character. Her evil doings are the main reasons why she dominates the plot so greatly.Read MoreShakespeares Macbeth, Why We Still Study This Play in Present Day?1108 Words   |  5 PagesGeorgia O’Neill Year 11 essay: Macbeth WHY DO WE STILL STUDY THIS PLAY IN 2012? The legendary tale of Macbeth has endured the test of time and is still a largely studied and watched play in 2011. 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Communications Essay Example For Students

Communications Essay On last Monday, our guest speakers consisted of Mr. Paul Lyle, Mr. Kenneth Griffin, and Ms. Oretha Shardon. They all had prominent careers in communications as sales and advertising representatives. Mr. Paul Lyle works for Citadel Broadcasting Company as a sales manager. He is responsible for selling advertisements and he also comes up with ideas for promotions or promoting a certain product or company. My. Lyle works with a group of ten sellers he calls his sales team. His team gets paid solely on commission. Mr. Lyle graduated from the University of Tennessee. He wanted to be a sportscaster since the ninth grade. He worked at an announcer for his high school announcing the school games. He says that he loves his job even though he did not acquire his dream jobs as a sportscaster but now that he is in sales he would not trade it for anything. Mr. Kenneth Griffin an executive for St. Clair Broadcast Fox 17. Mr. Griffin started out with several jobs as a producer at WKRW television station and WTBS Channel 5an affiliate of PBS. He brought to our attention that as a sales person he had to create ideas to pitch to his client so he could show them ways to improve their business and make more money. He also told us that, in sales, you have to start from ground zero to build up a portfolio. Ms. Oretha Shardon is an advertisement sales representative for WSM Radio which is owned by Gaylord Entertainment. Ms. Shardon has worked in this business for twenty-two years. She mostly talked about her theme for this year which was Sentenced to Success. She stated that persons in sales need some type of motivation and energy to get their clients excited about how they will enhance their business. She also said that you should make sure thatyou are bring a product or service that will totally benefit the buyer. Words/ Pages : 319 / 24

Tata Indica free essay sample

Inception Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 24,000 crores (USD 5. 5 billion) in 2005-06. By far it is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment. It is also the second largest in the passenger vehicles market with winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the worlds fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer. Established in 1945, Tata Motors presence indeed cuts across the length and breadth of India..The companys manufacturing base is spread across Jamshedpur, Pune and Lucknow, supported by a nation-wide dealership, sales, services and spare parts network comprising over 2,000 touch points. Close to 4 million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first rolled out in 1954. The foundation of the companys growth over the last 50 years has been a deep understanding of economic stimuli and customer needs, and the ability to translate them into customer-desired offerings through R;D. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Indica or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Established in 1966, the companys Engineering Research Centre, with 1,400 engineers and scientists, has developed pioneering technologies and products.Today the company has RD centers in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, in India. And not only this, it also has RD centers in South Korea, Spain, and the UK. The pace of new product development in Tata Motors has quickened. In 2005, the company created a new segment by launching the Tata Ace, Indias first indigenously developed mini-truck. The years to come will see the introduction of several other innovative vehicles, all rooted in emerging customer needs. Besides product development, the R;D centers of the company are also focusing on environment-friendly technologies in emissions and alternative fuels.GLOBAL PRESENCE Today, Tata branded vehicles can be seen in several countries like Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, South East Asia and South Asia. So, Tata Motors is not only at the forefront of the Indian automobile industry, it is also one of Indias best known brands in international markets. Tata Motors is the first company from Indias engineering sector to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange (September 2004). It has also emerged as a global automotive company. In 2004, it acquired the Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, Koreas second largest truck maker.The rechristened Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company has already begun to launch new products. In 2005, Tata Motors acquired a 21% stake in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish bus and coach manufacturer, with an option to acquire the remaining stake as well. Hispanos presence is being expanded in other markets. In 2006, the company formed a joint venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, a global leader in body-building for buses and coaches, to manufacture and assemble fully-built buses and coaches.Tata Motors already distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India. To establish an industrial joint venture in India to manufacture passenger vehicles, engines and transmissions for the Indian and overseas markets; Tata Motors and the Fiat Group have recently signed a memorandum of understanding. The companys commercial and passenger vehicles are already being marketed in several countries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, South East Asia and South Asia. It has assembly operations in Malaysia, Kenya, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Russia and Senegal. These acquisitions will further extend Tata Motors global footprint, established through exports since 1961. Product: TATA INDICA V2 The Brand value Indica, the first truly Indian car heralds India’s arrival on the global automobile arena. The company strives to make the Indica accessible to the value-seeking Indian, without compromises. It is a trustworthy, reliable car that appeals to the head as well as the heart. The brand is recognized as one of the strongest and most enduring of the past decade and has consistently figured amongst the most trusted brands in industry surveys.The Tata Indica catapulted the Indian automobile industry into the big league of the global arena. It has been created in an industry rife with global competition, requiring huge financial investment and scale as well as high technological competence. Facts about Indica  · Tata Motors is the youngest passenger car company in the world.  · The car came into being – concept freeze to launch – in just 31 months.  · The name, Indica, was derived from two words – India’s Car.  · The Indica sold its second 100,000th car in a record period of less than 18 months. Indica’s investment of Rs. 19. 20 billion for a capacity of 150,000 cars achieved cash profits in its third year and net profits in its fourth.  · Indica catapulted Tata Motors as the second largest player in the Indian passenger vehicle market.  · In the Indian car industry, Indica Club is the largest brand loyalty program.  · Indica is instrumental in creating a Rs. 46 billion passenger car business for Tata Motors within five years of its launch.  · Indica investment became EVA positive in its fifth year – a rare distinction in the automobile world. As compared to others who manufacture lower B segment cars; Tata Motors (Telco) has drawn up a clear cut strategy that highlights the fact that their only competitor is Palio in the B segment. This is their USP in a market dominated by luxury and super premium cars. They expect demand from Spain, Malta, Italy and Portugal and are striving for markets in UK, Iran and China. Their Goal is the international market in the long term. They aim for 20 per cent of business from the international market. Realizing the potential of Indica, Telco modified the model and launched Indiva – a MPV concept – at the Geneva Auto Fair in Switzerland.The Tata Indica v2 sedan is likely to be launched in the second half of the next fiscal year. The Sedan has been styled by IDEA – the Italian design house that penned Indica. The result is a well-proportioned but conservative-looking midsize car. The invitation to the motoring media to â€Å"Go on, try them yourself† at the WesBank raceway in December 2005 contributed to the high level of media attention. This open and honest approach to communicating the value of their products served well for the ongoing building of the Tata brand in South Africa.Given the progress the Tata Group has made in the past 10 years and the scope for involvement and growth in numerous sectors in South Africa and rest of Africa, Tata can be expected to shift gears upwards soon. Ratan Tata has emphasized his group’s commitment to the South African market, commenting that â€Å"the arrival of our cars in South Africa is the fulfillment of a desire I have held since I first came here†¦ our countries can do much together and we are focusing seriously on our presence here – we will not take away but will add to South Africa. † ProductThough a late entrant, the Indica quickly established itself as the benchmark for the s egment. By offering exciting features, the car changed the rules of the category in Space, Power, Style, Safety and Economy for international market. The Indica ensured a pleasant ride and handling experience as it had features like wide large tyres, generous leg room and independent front and rear suspension. It developed a new segment of diesel small cars along with its petrol offering. The luggage space was also the best in its class. The rigid 980 kgs steel body of the car was rigorously tested at Indias first and only crash test facility.A collapsible steering wheel, impact absorbing bumpers, anti-submarine seats, crumple zones and side impact beams are just a few of the features that make the Indica one of the safest cars on the roads today. Savings are ensured with the fuel-efficient 1. 4L diesel engine, while the 1. 4L petrol engine is optimized for performance. The foray into the export markets with the Indica would commence only after meeting the initial requirements of the domestic market. However, the company will commence development of the export model, work on homologation and ensure that the car meets all the norms of the markets abroad.Indica features for international market:  · Collapsible steering column  · Side-impact beam  · Energy-absorbing crumple zones in the front  · Anti-submarine seats  · Child-safety locks on rear doors  · Laminated front and rear windshield glass Promotion ‘More car per car’ is the famous tagline of this product. The Indica’s positioning has remained consistent with the brands offering in an increasingly competitive market. The Indica is now synonymous with the word ‘More, by encapsulating the inherent product strengths and marrying them with the customer trait of desiring ‘More’.A promotion strategy for Indica v2 in international market is more or les s same as that of the Indian market. Media innovations have been a key to the success of the Indica. The positioning was strengthened with the successful launch of the Indica V2, which assumed the leadership position in the year of its launch. The Indica v2 was launched in the international market only through the press medium, with three diesel versions and a petrol version, and this campaign shattered many automobile advertising myths.The car was launched without any television advertising, but through high-impact newspaper ads, dominating the medium and delivering the desired impact. The campaign redefined the competition by keeping away from the ‘small car’ nomenclature. Headlines such as ‘You’ll never have to suffer a small car again’ assisted customers in distinguishing between their old choices and the Indica. This, in effect, placed the Indica on the pedestal of leadership, set to change the rules of the game. A recent campaign for the Indica V2 has helped in building the product on the rational platform and adds an emotional layer. Anchored on the insight ‘It’s only human to want more’, the campaign revolves around interesting candid moments in the daily lives of normal everyday people who desire more; be it a boy wanting the other boy’s bigger lollipop, or a baby crying when her parents stop driving her around in the Indica V2. The latest campaign moves to the ‘Even more car per car’ positioning. Place Tata automobile group have a very large distribution network all over the world. Tata Indica v2 is exported and assembled in many countries. South Africa has an assembling unit for consumer vehicles.Other places where the company’s products (Tata Indica) are exported and in some assembled also are mentioned below:  · Africa :- Algeria , Angola , Ethiopia , Ghana , Kenya , Mauritius , Sudan , Uganda , South Africa , Senegal etc.  · Europe: Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, UK and Ireland.  · CIS : Belarus, Russia, Ukraine.  · Asia: Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri-Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan.  · Australia continent Price: Tata Motors adopted a competitive pricing strategy for Indica in the global market. Prices were fixed on the basis of the norms prevailing in the international market.Also the prices offered by their competitors like Toyota, Ford, Fiat, were kept in mind while deciding the prices. Brand Image Indica, the first truly Indian car heralds India’s arrival on the global automobile arena. It strives to make the Indica accessible to the value-seeking Indian, without compromises. A trustworthy, reliable car that appeals to the head as well as the heart. Truly ‘More car per car’ the brand has consistently figured amongst the most trusted brands in industry surveys and is recognized as one of the strongest and most enduring of the past decade.Created in an industry rife with global competition, requiring huge financial investment and scale as well as high technological competence, the Tata Indica catapulted the Indian as well as automobile industry into the big league of the global arena. For Indica V2 brand building, Tata Engineering roll out media blitz Tata Engineering is all set to launch an aggressive multi-media ad campaign, in a bid to boost sales and build the brand image of its new launch, Tata Indica V2.While launching the Indica V2 in international market, the company had released only announcement ads to create awareness for the new launch. And now to promote Indica V2, the company plans to roll out a media blitz. The main objective of the multi-media campaign is to further build perfect global brand image for Indica V2 in highly competitive international market or global automobile market. And the new media blitz will include a print campaign, comprising a series of press advertisements, outdoor-media campaign, television commercials and ground promotions.